Adjectives and adjective endings

Adjectives and adjective endings

In the following sentence, the adjective comes after the noun: The dog is aggressive. Der Hund ist aggressiv.

Intensifiers

Intensifiers are words which tell you to what extent things are true. For example, a noise could be very loud or quite loud. Here are some of the most common:

Intensifiers

German English
sehr Very
nicht sehr Not very
zu Too
ganz Quite/completely
ziemlich Quite/fairly
ein wenig A little
ein bisschen A bit
wirklich Really
etwas Somewhat
These can easily be added to the sentences above to increase their interest.

Sentences with intensifiers

English The dog is really aggressive My coat is very long and red My brother is a bit irritating
German Der Hund ist wirklich aggressiv Mein Mantel ist sehr lang und rot Mein Bruder ist ein bisschen nervig

Examples of adjectives coming before the noun

The adjective dick (fat) is the one we are interested in. The noun is Katze (cat).
  • My cat is fat. -> Meine Katze ist dick -> The adjective is after the noun. It has no ending added.
  • My fat cat is cute -> Meine dicke Katze ist süß -> Here, it's before the noun. An ending has been added.

Picking the right word

To know which word to pick, you need to know two things:
  • The gender of your noun (see 'Gender' section or look it up in a dictionary).
  • What case your word is going to be, ie nominative, accusative, dative or genitive.

Adjective endings reference tables

Definite article (the)

Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
Nominative case der alte die alte das alte die alten
Accusative case den alten die alte das alte die alten
Dative case dem alten der alten dem alten den alten (*1)
Genitive case des alten(*2) der alten des alten(*2) der alten

Indefinite article (a)

Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
Nominative case ein alter eine alte ein altes (keine) alten(*3)
Accusative case einen alten eine alte ein altes (keine) alten(*3)
Dative case einem alten einer alten einem alten (keine) alten(*1, 3)
Genitive case eines alten(*2) einer alten einer alten(*2) (keiner) alten(*3)

No article

Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
Nominative case alter alte altes alte
Accusative case alten alte altes alte
Dative case altem alter altem alten (*1)
Genitive case alten (*2) alter alten (*2) alter

More on dative and genetive

  • (*1) = In the dative plural, add an -n to the end of the noun, eg den kleinen Kindern
  • (*2) = In the genitive, add an -(e)s to the end of the noun, eg des alten Mannes
  • (*3) = kein/e/n is being used to show the plural because you can say 'no shoes' but not 'a shoes'!

For example, in the sentence 'I have an old tortoise':

  1. Find the correct section (definite article/indefinite/no article) - we are using 'an' here, so we use the ein section (indefinite article).
  2. Find the correct column for the gender of your noun - tortoise is die Schildkröte, which is feminine, so we use eine
  3. Follow it down to the correct case - 'I have an old tortoise' is accusative, so we use eine - Ich habe eine ______ Schildkröte
  4. Complete your sentence using the adjective ending from the table - ich have eine alte Schildkröte.

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